Preterm Labor

Every pregnancy is unique. Sometimes unexpected changes can happen, but you do not have to face them alone. The maternity care team at Banner Health is here to support you throughout your pregnancy, including if you experience signs of preterm labor. 

What is preterm labor? 

Preterm labor happens when contractions cause your cervix to open earlier than expected. It occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and before 37 weeks. Preterm labor can lead to a premature birth, but in many cases, delivery can be delayed with treatment. 

What causes preterm labor? 

There is no single known cause. Several things may increase your risk including: 

• A previous premature birth 
• Pregnancy with multiples (twins or more) 
• Becoming pregnant again soon after giving birth 
• Smoking, alcohol use or drug use 
• Issues with the cervix, uterus or placenta 
• Certain infections 
• High levels of stress 
• Limited prenatal care 
• Some birth defects 
• Health conditions such as high blood pressure, preeclampsia, diabetes or autoimmune disease 

Talk with your doctor about your personal risk and any concerns you may have. 

Signs and symptoms of preterm labor 

Call your doctor or go to the nearest labor and delivery unit if you notice: 

• Regular contractions or tightening 
• Lower back pain that does not go away 
• Cramps similar to menstrual pain or gas 
• Vaginal bleeding or leaking fluid 
• Pressure in the pelvis or vagina 
• Nausea or vomiting 
• Water breaking 

Rapid care can help protect both you and your baby. 

How preterm labor is evaluated 

Your care team will examine you and run tests to check for changes in your cervix or signs of infection. Testing may include: 

• Pelvic exam 
• Ultrasound 
• Lab tests such as urine testing or swabs for infection 

If preterm labor is confirmed, your care team will focus on keeping you and your baby safe. 

Treatment and what to expect 

Treatment will depend on your symptoms and your baby’s development. Your doctor may recommend: 

• IV fluids to improve hydration 
• Medicines to relax the uterus and slow contractions 
• Medicines to help your baby’s lungs grow stronger 
• A cervical cerclage if your cervix is short or opening early 
  (stitches are placed to support the cervix and removed after week 36) 

You may stay in the hospital for monitoring if needed. 

If a premature birth happens 

Some babies arrive earlier than planned. Premature babies often receive care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). How long they stay will depend on how early they were born and their health needs. 

Learn more about the NICU at Banner Health. 

Ways to lower your risk 

Preterm labor cannot always be prevented, but you can take steps to support a healthy pregnancy: 

• Maintain a healthy weight 
• Protect yourself from infections 
• Do not smoke or use alcohol or drugs 
• Keep all prenatal appointments 
• Manage stress when possible 
• Wait at least 18 months before becoming pregnant again 

If you have questions or notice symptoms, reach out to your doctor right away. 

Banner Health is here for you 

Support and guidance are available at every stage of your pregnancy. If you are concerned about preterm labor, your Banner care team will help you understand what is happening and what you can do next.