Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways in an S or C shape. It can happen at any age but is most often diagnosed in children and teens during growth spurts. In many cases, the exact cause is unknown. However, scoliosis may be linked to genetics or conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
Scoliosis can affect posture and balance and may lead to back pain or problems with movement. Treatment depends on how severe the curve is and the person’s age. Options may include observation, physical therapy, bracing or surgery.
This is the most common type. "Idiopathic" means the cause is unknown. It is further grouped by age:
Learn more about scoliosis in children.
This type is present at birth due to spinal deformities that form during early development.
This occurs when conditions that affect the muscles and nerves - like muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy - cause the spine to curve.
Scoliosis is also classified by how treatable it is:
In most cases, the cause is unknown. Scoliosis often appears during puberty, when rapid growth may lead to abnormal spinal curves. In other cases, scoliosis may result from:
Scoliosis symptoms can vary depending on the cause and how severe the curve is. Common signs include:
If you notice these signs in yourself or your child, talk to your doctor.
Diagnosis usually starts with a physical exam. Your doctor will check your posture, spine, and range of motion. You may also need imaging tests like:
Treatment depends on several factors, including:
Common treatments include bracing and surgery.
Bracing is often recommended for children and teens who are still growing. While braces don’t reverse the curve, they can stop it from getting worse.
Types of scoliosis braces:
Surgery may be recommended if the spinal curve is greater than 40 degrees or if symptoms affect daily life. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, where the vertebrae are joined using bone, rods or screws.
Recovery usually includes a hospital stay and limited physical activity for 3 to 12 months.
Ongoing care depends on how your spine responds to treatment. Many people with mild scoliosis can live normal, active lives.
With the right care plan, regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle, most people can manage their symptoms and keep doing the things they love.
At Banner Health, we understand that spine conditions like scoliosis can affect your life in many ways. Our team includes neurologists, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons who work together to create a care plan just for you. From diagnosis through treatment and recovery, we’re here to support your health every step of the way.
Whether you’re looking for a diagnosis or ready to explore treatment, our experts are here to help.
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