Constriction band syndrome, also called amniotic band syndrome, is a rare condition that affects how a baby’s arms, legs, fingers or toes form before birth. This condition can lead to differences in how limbs look, move and work.
At Banner Children’s, we understand that discovering your baby may have constriction band syndrome can be overwhelming. Our experienced pediatric specialists are here to provide clear answers, support and advanced care for your child and family.
Constriction band syndrome is a congenital hand difference. It happens when strands of the amniotic sac, which surrounds and protects the developing fetus (baby) during pregnancy, break and form loose tissue bands (constrictive rings). These bands can wrap tightly around the baby, often affecting a digit or limb - such as fingers or toes - and limiting blood flow.
These tight bands can press into the skin and deeper tissues, affecting the bones, muscles and circulation. They can also affect internal organs and the umbilical cord.
In mild cases, a baby may have a groove or dent in the skin. In more serious but rare cases, the condition can lead to birth defects (congenital disorders) or loss of limbs (amputation).
Unlike other hand differences this one is not a developmental abnormality. Instead, the extremity develops normally, but is then strangulated by the bands.
The exact cause of constriction band syndrome is not known, but it is believed to happen when the amniotic sac ruptures early in pregnancy. It is not inherited (genetic) or caused by anything you did or didn’t do during pregnancy. It usually happens without warning.
Some things may raise the risk of this condition:
Constriction band syndrome may be found before birth during a prenatal ultrasound or seen at delivery. Signs and symptoms can vary. Some babies may only have small skin marks, while others may have major limb differences.
Common signs include:
In the most severe cases, the band may fully cut off blood flow. This can cause the tissue to die and may lead to amputation of the digit or limb. Rarely, the bands can affect the baby’s internal organs or umbilical cord, which can become life-threatening.
Constriction band syndrome is often found during a routine prenatal ultrasound. Your health care provider may see signs of swelling or missing fingers or toes. In some cases, the bands themselves can be seen on imaging.
If the condition is suspected, you may be referred to a high-risk pregnancy or fetal medicine specialist. They can help ensure your baby gets the care they need before and after birth.
After birth, diagnosis is confirmed with a physical exam and imaging tests such as:
Treatment depends on how the tissue bands have affected your child. Some cases are mild and may not need surgery. Others may need surgery and therapy to improve function and prevent long-term problems.
Common treatments include:
In moderate to severe cases, pediatric surgeons may remove or release the tight band. This is often done in early infancy if the band cuts off the blood supply or is causing swelling.
If the area is deformed or underdeveloped, a pediatric orthopedic surgeon or plastic surgeon may help improve how it looks and works. This may include skin grafts, tendon repair and bone straightening.
If a finger, toe or limb is missing or can’t be saved, amputation may be needed. A prosthetic device can help improve movement and function as your child grows.
Pediatric therapy is important in helping your child develop strength, coordination and functional movement in affected areas. Physical and occupational therapists also help you with exercises and adaptive tools to support daily activities.
In rare or severe cases, open fetal surgery may be considered. This may be done if a band is cutting off blood flow to a vital area, such as a leg or the umbilical cord. This highly specialized procedure is only offered at select centers and requires a team experienced in maternal-fetal medicine and fetal surgery.
Many children with this condition live active, healthy lives. They are able to move, play and participate in everyday activities. Your child’s recovery and outcome depend on how severe the condition is and what treatments are used.
Some children may need more than one surgery or long-term therapy. They may need follow-up appointments to monitor their growth, function and movement to ensure they reach important milestones.
Why choose Banner Children’s
At Banner Children’s, we understand how important expert care is when your child has a rare condition like constriction band syndrome. Our skilled pediatric team creates personalized care plan to support your child’s health, mobility and well-being.
What you can expect:
We work closely with you to answer questions, ease your concerns and give your child the best chance for a healthy, active life.
If your child shows signs of constriction band syndrome or another congenital hand difference, schedule an appointment with a Banner Children’s specialist. We’re here to answer your questions and help you take the next step toward care.
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