Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain happens when the nervous system is damaged or not working properly. It can feel like burning, shooting or electric-like pain and may come and go or persist for months or years. 

At Banner Health neurosciences, our specialists understand how disruptive nerve-related pain can be. We’ll work with you to identify the underlying cause and create a personalized plan to relieve symptoms, improve comfort and restore your quality of life. 

What is neuropathic pain 

Neuropathic pain, sometimes called nerve pain or neurological pain, occurs when nerves that carry pain signals to the brain become injured, irritated or dysfunctional. Unlike pain from an injury like a cut or sprain, neuropathic pain continues even after the original injury has healed. 

It can affect any part of the body and may feel like: 

• Burning, tingling or “pins and needles” sensations 
• Sharp, shooting or stabbing pain 
• Numbness or sensitivity to touch 
• Pain that worsens at night or with cold temperatures 

What causes neuropathic pain 

Damage or dysfunction in the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves can lead to neuropathic pain.  

Common causes include: 

• Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) 
• Spinal conditions, such as spinal stenosis or herniated discs 
• Injury or surgery involving nerves 
• Stroke or multiple sclerosis 
• Shingles (postherpetic neuralgia) 
• Chemotherapy or certain medications 
• Vitamin deficiencies (B12 or folate) 
• Infections or autoimmune disorders 

Sometimes, the exact cause isn’t found, but treatment can still effectively manage symptoms and improve function. 

Diagnosing neuropathic pain 

Because neuropathic pain can stem from many conditions, an accurate diagnosis is essential. 

Your doctor may recommend: 

• A complete medical history and physical exam 
• Neurological tests to check sensation and reflexes 
• Nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) to evaluate nerve function 
• Blood tests to look for diabetes, thyroid disorders or vitamin deficiencies 
• Imaging tests, such as MRI or CT, to check for spinal or brain changes 

Your care team will review your test results and symptoms to identify the cause and design the right treatment plan for you. 

Managing neuropathic pain 

Neuropathic pain often requires a combination of therapies to reduce pain signals, improve nerve health and prevent flare-ups. 

Medications 

Several types of medications may help manage symptoms: 

• Antiseizure medications: Drugs originally used to treat epilepsy, such as gabapentin or pregabalin, can calm overactive nerve signals. 
• Antidepressants: Certain antidepressants help rebalance neurotransmitters in the spinal cord that reduce pain messages to the brain. These include tricyclic antidepressants and SNRIs like duloxetine.
• Pain relievers and anti-inflammatories: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help mild cases. Stronger medications are reserved for short-term use under medical supervision. 

If your nerve pain is linked to another condition like diabetes, improving blood sugar control can also help relieve symptoms and prevent further nerve damage. 

Other treatment options 

Your Banner Health neurosciences care team may also recommend: 

• Physical therapy: Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises to improve mobility and reduce pain. 
• Nerve blocks or injections: Local anesthetics or steroids can help calm nerve pain in targeted areas. 
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): A small device that sends low-level electrical impulses to the skin to disrupt pain signals. 
• Behavioral therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help you develop coping strategies for chronic pain. 
• Complementary therapies: Acupuncture, mindfulness and relaxation techniques can help reduce stress that may worsen pain. 

Living with neuropathic pain 

Although nerve damage can take time to heal, many people find meaningful relief with the right treatment plan. Consistent care, physical activity, healthy sleep and managing underlying conditions all play a role in recovery. 

Our team at Banner Health neurosciences will partner with you to track your progress, adjust treatments as needed and support your long-term comfort and function. 

If you’re living with nerve-related pain, you don’t have to manage it alone. Talk to your doctor or request an appointment with a Banner Health neurosciences specialist to explore your options for neuropathic pain management.