Insomnia

A good night’s sleep is essential to your health, mood, and overall quality of life. If you’re struggling to fall asleep or stay asleep, you may have insomnia - one of the most common sleep disorders. 

At Banner Health, our sleep specialists provide expert care and support to help you identify what’s keeping you awake and find effective solutions. With proper treatment, you can regain restful, restorative sleep and wake up feeling refreshed. 

What is insomnia? 

Insomnia is a condition that makes it difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep or return to sleep after waking up. It can leave you feeling tired, irritable or unfocused during the day. 

Occasional sleepless nights are normal, but persistent insomnia can affect your physical health, mental well-being and performance at work or school. 

There are two main types of insomnia: 

• Short-term (acute) insomnia: Lasts for a few days or weeks, often triggered by stress, illness or a life event. 
• Long-term (chronic) insomnia: Lasts three months or more and may occur several nights a week. Chronic insomnia may have multiple causes, including medical or psychological conditions. 

Symptoms and signs of insomnia 

You may have insomnia if you experience one or more of the following: 

• Trouble falling asleep at night 
• Waking up frequently during the night 
• Waking up too early and being unable to fall back asleep 
• Feeling tired or unrested after sleeping 
• Daytime fatigue, poor concentration or mood changes 

Common causes of insomnia and risk factors 

Insomnia can be caused by many different factors. Sometimes it’s the main problem; other times it’s a symptom of another health issue. Common causes include: 

• Stress and anxiety 
• Depression or other mental health disorders 
• Irregular sleep schedule from shift work or travel 
• Poor sleep habits, such as screen time before bed or inconsistent bedtime routines 
• Caffeine, alcohol or nicotine close to bedtime 
• Medical conditions such as pain, asthma, acid reflux or overactive thyroid 
• Certain medications that affect sleep 

Older adults are more likely to experience insomnia due to changes in sleep patterns, medical conditions or medications. Physical inactivity and social isolation can also contribute to disrupted sleep. 

Health effects of insomnia 

Sleep is just as important to your health as nutrition and exercise. Untreated insomnia can lead to short- and long-term complications, including: 

• Daytime drowsiness and slower reaction times (especially dangerous while driving) 
• Mood disorders, such as anxiety or depression 
• Decreased performance at work or school 
• Weakened immune system 
• Increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes 

Diagnosis and testing for insomnia 

If sleep problems persist, it’s important to talk to your doctor or a sleep specialist. Diagnosis begins with a thorough review of your health and lifestyle. Your doctor may recommend: 

• A physical exam to identify underlying medical conditions 
• A sleep diary to track your sleep patterns and habits 
• Blood tests to rule out thyroid or hormone issues 
• A sleep study (polysomnography) if another sleep disorder - such as sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome - is suspected 

Treatment options for insomnia 

The best treatment depends on what’s causing your insomnia. Often, addressing the underlying condition or making small lifestyle changes can help restore healthy sleep patterns. 

Your care team may recommend: 

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) 

A proven, non-medication approach that helps you change thoughts and habits that interfere with sleep. 

Medication 

Prescription or over-the-counter sleep aids may be used short-term under your doctor’s supervision. 

Lifestyle changes 

Improving sleep hygiene - such as keeping a consistent bedtime, limiting caffeine and creating a relaxing nighttime routine - can make a big difference. 

Treatment for related conditions 

If your insomnia is linked to anxiety, depression, chronic pain or another health issue, treating that condition can often improve sleep quality. 

When to see a sleep specialist 

If you’ve tried improving your sleep habits and still can’t get restful sleep, it’s time to get professional help. Our Banner Health sleep medicine specialists can diagnose the cause of your insomnia and create a personalized treatment plan that fits your lifestyle. 

Wake up feeling like yourself again 

At Banner Health, we believe everyone deserves restful, restorative sleep. Our compassionate team can help you uncover the reasons behind your insomnia and guide you toward lasting relief. 

If you suspect you have insomnia, talk to your doctor or request a referral to a Banner sleep specialist today.