Birthmarks

Birthmarks are common skin markings that are present at birth or appear shortly afterward. While most birthmarks are harmless, some may need monitoring or treatment—especially if they grow, change, or affect nearby tissues. At Banner Health, our dermatology team is here to help you understand your birthmark and determine whether care is needed. 

What is a birthmark? 

A birthmark is an area of skin that looks different in color or texture from the rest of the skin. Birthmarks can be flat or raised, small or large, and vary in color from red or pink to brown, gray, blue or black. They may appear anywhere on the body. 

Some birthmarks fade with time, while others remain unchanged or grow. Most are harmless, but a few types may require medical evaluation. 

Types of birthmarks 

There are two main types of birthmarks: vascular and pigmented. 

Vascular birthmarks 

These are caused by abnormal blood vessels in the skin. 

• Salmon patches (stork bites or angel kisses) – Light pink patches that often fade with time 
• Strawberry hemangiomas – Raised red areas that may grow quickly before shrinking 
• Port-wine stains – Flat, dark red or purple marks that may grow darker or larger over time 

Pigmented birthmarks 

These are caused by an overgrowth of pigment-producing cells. 

• Café-au-lait spots – Light brown patches that may increase in number or size 
• Moles (congenital nevi) – Raised or flat spots that vary in size, shape and color 
• Mongolian spots – Bluish-gray patches often found on the lower back or buttocks (common in darker skin tones) 

When to see a dermatologist 

Most birthmarks are harmless and don’t require treatment. However, you should have a dermatologist evaluate a birthmark if: 

• It grows rapidly or changes in shape, color or texture 
• It bleeds, hurts or itches 
• It affects vision, breathing or another body function 
• You’re concerned about how it looks or feels 
• It’s located in a sensitive area (like the eyelid or near joints) 

Our dermatologists will assess your birthmark and recommend observation, imaging or treatment if needed. 

Treatment options for birthmarks 

If a birthmark needs treatment, options may include: 

• Laser therapy – Often used for port-wine stains or hemangiomas 
• Topical or oral medications – May help shrink certain types of vascular birthmarks 
• Surgical removal – Reserved for larger or potentially harmful moles 
• Cosmetic camouflage – For patients who prefer a non-medical solution 

Your care plan will be based on the type, size and location of the birthmark, as well as your age and personal goals. 

Supporting your skin health at every stage 

Whether your child was just born with a birthmark or you’ve had one for years, our team is here to guide you with answers, reassurance and treatment options if needed. 

Find a dermatologist near you to schedule an evaluation.