ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a motor neuron disease that slowly affects the nerves controlling your muscles. Over time, it can make moving, walking, speaking and swallowing more difficult.
At Banner Brain & Spine, our ALS team helps you manage these changes and stay as independent as possible. Our neurologists, therapists, respiratory therapists and support staff work together to create a care plan that fits you and your family.
ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that damages the nerves controlling voluntary muscles, the ones you use to move your arms, legs and body. As these nerves stop working, the muscles gradually weaken and atrophy (break down).
The word “amyotrophic” comes from the Greek language: “a” means no, “myo” means muscles and “trophic” means nourishment. “Lateral” refers to areas of the spinal cord where motor neurons are located. “Sclerosis” means scarring or hardening of these areas. Together, the name describes the loss of nerves, with muscle weakness and scarring in the spinal cord.
ALS is also sometimes known as Lou Gehrig’s disease in the United States. Gehrig was a famous American baseball player who lived with it until he died in 1941.
ALS affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, which carry signals to your muscles. When these nerves die, your brain can no longer control muscle movement. This will cause walking, moving your arms, speaking, swallowing and breathing to become difficult.
ALS affects people differently. Symptoms may start in one area and progress at different rates. Life expectancy can vary. Some people live only a few years after diagnosis, while others live longer with supportive care.
ALS can affect anyone, though it most often appears between ages 40 and 70 and is slightly more common in men. Some young adults may also develop ALS, though this is rare.
Most cases happen with no known cause, called sporadic ALS. About 10% of cases are genetic or familial ALS, where a gene mutation runs in the family. People with family history can meet with a genetic counselor to decide if testing is needed.
Certain groups, like military veterans, are at higher risk for reasons researchers do not fully understand. Learn more about the causes and risk factors of ALS.
The symptoms of ALS can be subtle and vary by person. It is a progressive condition. Symptoms typically begin in one area (like the arms or the legs) and will then spread and become more severe.
Early symptoms may include:
As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
ALS typically does not affect your senses, such as touch, taste and smell, but some people may experience problems with memory or decision-making. Some may develop a form of dementia known as frontotemporal dementia.
Recognizing these early signs can help you get care sooner. Learn more about the symptoms and diagnosis of ALS.
There is no single test for ALS. Your health care provider will review your medical history, perform a physical exam and run tests to rule out other causes of the symptoms.
Diagnostic tests may include:
While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Therapy, medications, breathing support and managing eating problems are often part of a care plan. ALS progresses in stages, from mild weakness to more serious mobility and breathing challenges. Learn more about the treatment and care of ALS.
ALS can significantly impact your daily life, both physically and emotionally. You may need:
Caregivers play an important role in support and resources are available to help families navigate the challenges they face. Planning for medical and daily needs can make life with ALS more manageable.
We can help you plan for what’s ahead. Learn more about living with ALS.
Banner Brain & Spine offers a team approach to ALS care. Our specialists in neurology help you maintain your independence and improve your daily life.
You’ll have access to ALS experts and advanced tools for mobility and communication. Early care planning can help manage symptoms and give your family guidance on what to expect.
Learn more about our care team and services. Schedule an appointment today with a Banner Brain & Spine specialist.
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