Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that mainly affects movement but can also impact mood, sleep and thinking abilities.

If you or a loved one has been feeling slower, more unsteady or noticed a tremor that won’t go away, it could be an early sign of Parkinson’s disease - a condition that affects the brain and how your body moves.

Parkinson’s disease can be life-changing, but you’re not alone. At Banner Health, our neurology experts specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s. We’re here to help you or a loved one live a full and active life.

What is Parkinson’s disease and how does it affect the body?

Parkinson’s disease is a brain condition that affects how you move, think and feel. It happens when nerve cells in the brain stop making dopamine (a chemical that controls movement). This loss of dopamine causes problems with movement and other functions in the body.

Parkinson’s is part of a group of conditions known as movement disorders. It’s a lifelong, progressive disease, which means symptoms get worse over time. There’s no cure but treatments like medication, physical therapy and expert care can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Who is at risk for Parkinson’s disease?

It is estimated that Parkinson’s disease affects nearly one million people in the U.S. and more than six million people worldwide. It usually affects people over age 60 but younger people can get it too. This is known as young-onset Parkinson’s disease.

Experts aren’t sure what exactly causes Parkinson’s but it may be due to a mix of genetics and environmental factors. You may be more likely to develop Parkinson’s if:

• You are male or over age 60
• You have a family history of the disease
• You’ve been exposed to pesticides, air pollution or certain solvents
• You’ve had repeated head injuries

Having one or more risk factors does not mean you’ll get Parkinson’s disease. At Banner Health, our neurology teams can help you understand your risk and start treatment early, if needed. 

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease can affect everyone differently. Symptoms usually begin gradually and often start on one side of the body.

Common early symptoms include:

• Tremor or shaking of a hand or leg
• Muscle stiffness or rigidity
• Slower movements (bradykinesia)
• Trouble with balance or posture
• Smaller handwriting, softer voice or reduced facial expressions

In addition to these motor symptoms, Parkinson’s can also cause non-motor symptoms like changes in mood, sleep issues and memory problems.

If you notice a few of these signs - especially if they’re on one side of your body - talk to your health care provider. Early diagnosis can help you get the right care sooner.

Learn more about the full range of symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s.

What are the stages of Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease symptoms develop in stages. Some people experience changes slowly over many years, while others may notice more rapid shifts. Even from day to day - or hour to hour - symptoms may come and go. One day, you might feel steady and in control, then the next day, simple movements may feel harder.

Parkinson’s disease is usually grouped into five stages based on how symptoms show up and affect daily life:

Stage 1: Mild symptoms on one side of the body

• Only one side of the body is affected
• Symptoms may be so mild they go unnoticed
• Daily activities are still manageable

Stage 2: Worsening symptoms on both sides

• Tremors, muscle stiffness or slow movements affect both sides
• Trouble walking or poor posture may appear
• Medications often work well at this stage

Stage 3: Mid-stage Parkinson’s

• Movement becomes slower
• Balance problems and more frequent falls
• Daily tasks may take longer

Stage 4: Advanced symptoms

• Daily tasks require help or assistive devices 
• Standing and walking become harder
• Parkinson’s treatment options like physical therapy are important

Stage 5: Severe disability

This stage is the most advanced stage of Parkinson’s disease. At this point:

• Leg stiffness can make standing or walking without help very difficult.
• A wheelchair and full-time support are usually needed to manage daily activities like eating, getting dressed and going to the bathroom.
• Changes in thinking and memory are also common, with confusion, hallucinations or delusions often occurring.

While medications can help, the main goal during Stage 5 is to keep you safe and as comfortable as possible. Having the right care team makes a big difference.

Understanding the stages of Parkinson’s can help guide treatment choices. Learn more about treatment options for Parkinson’s disease.

You don’t have to go through this alone. Learn more about living with Parkinson’s and support resources. 

When to see a doctor for Parkinson’s symptoms?

See your provider if you notice shaking, stiffness, trouble walking or other changes in how you move or feel. Some signs of Parkinson’s disease can look like other neurological conditions, so it’s best to get checked early. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference. 

Banner Health’s experienced neurology team is here to help you or someone you love. We use advanced tools to diagnose Parkinson’s and a full range of treatments.

Wondering what causes Parkinson’s? Explore possible causes and risk factors.

Where to find Parkinson’s disease care at Banner Health

At Banner Health, we have specialized movement disorder clinics designed to provide expert care for people living with Parkinson’s disease. Our experienced teams offer advanced diagnosis, treatment and support at several locations, including:

• Banner Sun Health Research Institute 
• Banner Alzheimer’s Institute 
• Banner – University Medical Center Tucson 
• Banner Health Clinics in Greeley and Loveland, Colo. 

If you or a loved one are experiencing signs of Parkinson’s disease, we’re here to help.