Pediatric Cancer Detection and Diagnosis

At Banner Children’s, kids aren’t just our patients - they’re our purpose. We focus on putting children first, building care plans that support the whole family from the very beginning. If you’re concerned about your child’s health, we’re here to provide answers, guidance and compassionate care. 

Signs and symptoms of pediatric cancer 

Childhood cancer is rare, and its symptoms can often look like other common health conditions. But if something feels off, it’s always a good idea to talk to your child’s pediatrician. Some signs to watch for include: 

• A new lump or bump 
• Pain that doesn’t go away 
• Bruising easily or unusual bleeding 
• Ongoing tiredness or fatigue 
• Unexplained weight loss or appetite changes 
• Recurring fevers or infections 
• Headaches with vomiting (especially in the morning) 
• Vision problems or unexplained changes in behavior 

These symptoms don’t always mean cancer - but they should be checked by a doctor. If your child’s provider suspects cancer, they may recommend diagnostic tests to understand what’s causing the symptoms. 

How pediatric cancer is diagnosed 

Diagnosing cancer in children takes a careful and thoughtful approach. Depending on your child’s symptoms, their provider may order one or more of the following tests to confirm or rule out cancer: 

Blood tests 

Blood tests help look for signs of infection, anemia, or abnormal cells. These tests can also rule out other causes of your child’s symptoms. 

Bone marrow biopsy 

Bone marrow makes blood cells. This test helps doctors see if the marrow is making healthy cells or if there are signs of leukemia or other blood cancers. 

Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) 

A needle is used to take a sample of fluid from around the spinal cord. This test can detect infections or cancer cells in the brain and spine. 

Imaging tests 

These non-invasive scans help detect tumors or abnormal growths inside the body. 

• X-ray: Takes pictures of bones and organs using a small amount of radiation. 
• CT scan: Combines multiple X-rays to create detailed images of the body. Helpful for locating tumors. 
• MRI: Uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed pictures of organs and tissues - without radiation. 
• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images. Often used to check organs like the liver or kidneys. 

Tumor biopsy 

If a lump or mass is found, a small tissue sample may be removed and tested to see if it’s cancerous. This is often done under anesthesia by a pediatric surgeon. 

Supporting your family through a pediatric cancer diagnosis 

Hearing the word “cancer” is never easy. At Banner Children’s, we understand the fears and emotions that come with this diagnosis. From your first appointment to every step that follows, our pediatric cancer specialists work with your family to create a personalized treatment plan that meets your child’s unique needs. 

We’re here to help you face this journey with clarity, comfort and hope - because every child deserves the best chance at healing. 

What happens after a pediatric cancer diagnosis? 

If your child is diagnosed with cancer, you don’t have to face it alone. Learn about pediatric cancer treatment options at Banner Children’s. Our team is here to provide expert care and family-centered support every step of the way.